Case Studies and Research

EON manufactures and offers the most frequently used passive groundwater sampling devices in our industry.  

We were the first to commercialize passive diffusion sampling in 1998 – and we continue to stay on the forefront of the field.

Toggle the drop-downs below to see case studies and other related research. 

We’re prepared to answer any questions you might have about the time and money-saving benefits of our passive groundwater sampling products, including the Equilibrator Passive Diffusion Bag (PDB) for VOCs, the Dual Membrane Passive Diffusion Bag (DMPDB)  for all contaminants including PFAS, and HydraSleeve  No-Purge Grab samplers for instantaneous samples of any contaminant.

HydraSleeve in use

Passive Diffusive Sampler (PDB)

Case Studies and Technical Papers

Bunnell-Lammons Engineering Study (1998)Field Trial of a New Commercially Available Diffusive Ground-Water Sampler by Andrew Alexander and Thomas Lammons (equilibrator introduced in study).

McClellan Air Force Base (2001) – A recent study that compares cost, ease of use, and analytical results of samples collected by diffusion sampling and low-flow methods (equilibrator shown effective).

USGS/EPA Guidance Document (2001) – Federal and State Agencies publish a Guidance Document for the use of Passive Diffusion Sampling.

ITRC Tech-Reg Document (2002)Recommendations on the Use of Polyethylene Diffusion Bag Samplers for Long Term Monitoring of Volatile Organic Compounds in Groundwater by Inter-State Technical Regulatory Council.

ITRC Final Report (2004)Technical and Regulatory Guidance for Using Polyethylene Diffusion Bag Samplers to Monitor Volatile Organic Compounds in Groundwater by Inter-State Technical Regulatory Council. This is an aid to regulators and users to determine the applications and use of PDBs.

User Information

Filling Instructions – Instructions for filling the EON Equilibrator PDB sampler.

Tether Installation – Instructions for installing one or more Equilibrator PDBs on a single tether.

Hanger Installation – Instructions for installing one Equilibrator PDB using the EON stainless steel Hanger.

Adjusting SST Tether Ring – Instructions for relocating adjustable rings on stainless steel tethers.

PowerPoint Presentation – A PowerPoint Presentation with basic information in graphical format describing the technical basis, applications, configuration and installation of PDBs in graphical format.

HydraSleeve No-Purge Samplers

Case Studies and Technical Papers

NEW!-(2024) HydraSleeve PFAS Sampling Bench-Scale Study -This study was conducted to provide a controlled-environment evaluation of the use of the HDPE HydraSleeve for obtaining representative concentrations of PFAS at low-ng/L concentrations in aqueous environments.

Comparative Study at McClellan Air Force Base (2005) – A comprehensive study of 6 No-Purge samplers used to collect Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds (SVOCS) and Metals. Report includes comparison of analytical results, ease of use, and cost savings (HydraSleeve shown effective).

ITRC Tech Overview of Passive Sampling Techniques (2006) – 12 Passive (NO-Purge) technologies and their applications described by Inter-State Technical Regulatory Council Document.

EMs Use of Cost Effective Passive Groundwater Sampling Grows Department of Energy

Novel In Situ Extraction Technologies for Contaminants in Groundwater (Task N.0441)

Comparison of Purge and No-Purge Sampling Strategies for Deep Groundwater

Comparison of No-Purge and Pumped Sampling Methods – Monitoring Concentrations of Ordnance Related Compounds in Groundwater, Camp Edwards, Massachusetts Military Reservation, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, 2009–2010

User Information

Hydrasleeve Installation & Use Manual (2006) – Complete HydraSleeve installation and user instructions.

HydraSleeve™ – Additional information about the EON Products’ no-purge, non-displacement groundwater sampler.

SuperSleeve™ Field Manual

HydraSleeve™ Field Brochure

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